Compiled by Mansur He
Table of Contents
Module 5 - Risk Management
Working with hand tools
Personal Protective Equipment
- Closed toe shoes
- Long pants
- Safety goggles
If a student is not wearing personal protective equipment, regardless of what they are doing. He/she needs to be asked to put on personal protective equipment as debris from other workstations is still a hazard.
If small incidents do occur, report to instructor.
If serious injuries occur, call emergency services and administer First Aid.
Tools
- Snips - cut large sections of sheet metal. (Do not use to cut wires).
- Seamer - fold sheet metal.
- Nibbler - make small cuts.
- Pliers - used to bend certain parts and to cut wires.
- Hole punch - punch holes.
- Riveting tool - makes rivets. First compression inserts the rivet into the hole, second compression secures the rivet into place.
- File - used to filing.
Video demonstration of the tools
Design Process
Recall the design process from APSC 101:
- Identify stakeholders and needs.
- Generate ideas with wide range of diversity. Try not to fixate on an idea or make decisions to eliminate any ideas for now. Use C-Sketch to help with generating solutions.
- Screening > Ranking > Scoring. Use Weighted Decision Matrix to help making a decision.
- Make prototypes to test the solutions, if the design could be improved, go back to any of the previous stages.
- Implementation.
C-Sketch
The new modified C-Sketch variant uses 5
minutes for the first round, then 4 minutes for the second round, 3 minutes for
the 3rd round…
Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians
“Scientists study the world as it is; engineers create the world that has never been.” - Theodore Von Karman
Scientists
Do research and develop theories of why
things are the way it is. Mostly theoretical work.
Engineers
Applies the knowledge and theory into solving
real world problems.
Technicians
Losers.
Claw Project
Understanding Servo Motor
Components in a servo motor
- Motor
- Gears
- Position Sensor
- Electronic Control System
How Servo Motors Work
Risks
Risk is a combination of the likelihood of occurance (frequency) and the
severity of the incident (consequence).
Risk Assessment
Incident
- Causes harm (to the three pillars of sustainability).
- Causes damage.
- Causes malfunction.
Calculating Risk
If risk is not low enough, risk reduction measures should be implemented into designs.
Risk analysis
- Incident Definition and Identification
- What counts as an incident?
- What are the biggest unknowns?
- Incident and Scenario Analysis
- What could happen due to the unknowns?
- What could go wrong?
- Determine frequency score and consequence score.
- What is the likely hood of an incident happening?
- What is the result / consequence of the incident happening?
- Use a risk
matrix to calculate the risk factor.
To quantify risks:
- Make prototypes.
- Design, set up, and perform experiments on designs and prototypes.
Engineering Drawings
Isometric and Orthographic Views
- Isometric and orthographic views are used to improve visualization of a concept on a 2D space.
- To view a 3D object in a 2D space, a view must be selected. The view can either be isometric (from the corner of an object), or orthographic (from the 6 faces of the object).
Isometric
- Easy to understand.
- Appropriate for conceptual designs.
- All horizontal lines are 30° from the horizontal axis of the page
Isometric View
Orthographic
- Adds information to the drawing.
- Hidden lines show the features obstructed.
- All horizontal lines are horizontal.
- 2D project view from 6 fundamental views of an object.
Orthographic View
In both isometric and orthographic drawings
- Vertical lines are vertical on the page.
- Parallel lines of the object are parallel on the page.
- Equal distance on the same axis are the same on the page (scalar measurements can be made directly from the drawing).
Perspective
Perspective view resembles what we see with our eyes realistically.
- Objects / features farther away from the viewer appears smaller
- Lines that are parallel on the object does not always look parallel in perspective.
Perspective View
Drawings and Layouts
Hidden Lines
- Represented by dashed lines.
- Shows features that cannot be seen directly (obstructed because it is behind or inside the part).
- When making a drawing, adjust views to show as little hidden lines as possible.
Center Marks and Center Lines
- Used for circular or cylindrical features.
- Center line shows the axis for the cylinder.
- Center mark shows the center of the circle.
Bounding Box
- An enclosed volume of the object.
- If sketching without CAD, bounding box is useful to help draw isometric views.
Third Angle Projection
- Widely used across North America
- Consists of FRONT orthographic view near the bottom left corner.
- TOP orthographic view is directly above the FRONT view.
- RIGHT end orthographic view is directly to the right of the FRONT view.
- A symbol for Third Angle Projection is indicated in the title block.
Title Blocks
- Title block gives additional information about the drawing.
- Title block consists of several “must need” elements:
- drawing title
- drawing number
- author
- scale
- date
- projection type
- Title block may also sometimes include:
- revision number
- supervisor
- company / institution
- sheet size
- sheet number
Dimensioning
Dimension Lines
- Dimension lines are used to indicate the sizes or location of a feature from one point to another.
- Extension lines (thin solid lines) are used with dimension lines to show where the measurements start / end.
- Whenever possible, dimension lines should not cross each other.
- Extension lines are allowed to cross each other.
Dimensioning Rules
- Place dimensions at locations where it best shows the feature.
- Do not place redundant dimensions.
- Ideally, place dimensions between the orthographic views.
- Place dimensions close to the feature.
- Place dimensions that reveals a feature most clearly.
Choosing the Front View
The front view should be chosen so that it:
- reveals significant features more clearly.
- minimizes the amount of hidden lines - making the drawing easier to understand.
Giving Feedback
Good feedback encourages good behavior, enables improvement among peers. Bad feedback (either with bad feedback practices or bad timing) can lead to poor and ineffective results.
To make feedback helpful
- The tone and wording must be appropriate to give a objective, non-personal, feedback.
- Receiver wants feedback and is listening.
- The motive should be to help the receiver.
7 Tenets of Giving Helpful Feedback
- Describe, don’t judge
- Be specific with details
- Honest and credible
- In terms of receiver’s needs
- Given in a timely way
- Receiver wants feedback
- Feedback is Actionable
… WIP …